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小苏打能发面吗 ?💡小苏打与发酵那些事儿

导读 最近有朋友问我:“小苏打能发面吗?”这个问题其实很有趣!小苏打(碳酸氢钠)确实可以用来发面,但它并不是理想的发酵剂。小苏打只能让面...

最近有朋友问我:“小苏打能发面吗?”这个问题其实很有趣!小苏打(碳酸氢钠)确实可以用来发面,但它并不是理想的发酵剂。小苏打只能让面团短暂膨胀,但无法像酵母那样持续发酵,而且用量不当还可能让面团带有碱味,影响口感哦!💛

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